Transgender individuals have long served in the U.S. military, often in silence due to policies that prohibited open service. It wasn’t until June 30, 2016, that the Department of Defense lifted the ban on transgender individuals serving openly, allowing them to serve in their affirmed gender. This policy shift marked a significant step toward inclusivity and recognition of transgender service members.
However, the status of transgender individuals in the military has fluctuated with changing administrations. In 2017, the Trump administration announced a ban on transgender individuals serving in the military, citing concerns over military readiness and cohesion. This policy was met with legal challenges and was partially blocked by courts. In 2021, the Biden administration reversed the ban, allowing transgender individuals to serve openly once again.
Transgender service members contribute to the military’s diversity, bringing unique perspectives and experiences that enhance problem-solving and adaptability. Studies, including a 2016 RAND Corporation report, have found that allowing transgender individuals to serve openly has minimal impact on military readiness and healthcare costs. Furthermore, inclusive policies can improve morale and unit cohesion by promoting a culture of respect and equality.
In January 2025, the Trump administration reinstated a ban on transgender individuals serving in the military through Executive Order 14183, titled “Prioritizing Military Excellence and Readiness.” This order directed the Department of Defense to revise policies to exclude individuals who identify with a gender different from their biological sex from military service, citing concerns over unit cohesion and overall military effectiveness. The policy also halted gender-affirming healthcare for transgender troops. Legal challenges ensued, but on May 6, 2025, the U.S. Supreme Court allowed the administration to proceed with the ban while litigation continues.
The fluctuating policies regarding transgender individuals in the military underscore the need for consistent, evidence-based approaches that recognize the contributions of all service members. Ensuring that military policies are inclusive and grounded in research is essential for maintaining a strong and effective force.
